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Common Heart Failure Terms:
Ablation
A surgical procedure that completely removes abnormal or dead tissues and creates scar tissue. There are many approaches to ablations, including surgery, chemical destruction or various energy sources.
ACE Inhibitors-(Angiotensin-converting Enzyme)
Medications that are designed to lower blood pressure. They work by relaxing the arteries, capillaries, and veins, allowing blood and oxygen to circulate at a more normal rate.
Aldosterone
A steroid secreted by the outer layer (cortex) of the adrenal glands located at the top of each kidney. It functions to increase sodium re-absorption in the kidneys and balance potassium and sodium in the blood.
Anemia
If a person is suffering from Anemia, they will have a low red blood cell (RBC) count (For men an average of 5,500,000, for women an average of 4,500,000 per microliter). Thus, less oxygen is carried properly throughout the circulatory system. Often, proper diet with a sufficient amount of protein (approximately 50 grams per day for persons over 4 years of age) can improve a persons RBC count.
Aneurysm
An expansion of a blood vessel. When associated with Heart Failure, an aneurysm occurs on the LV resulting in a scar. If the scarred area becomes thin and begins to inflate with each Heartbeat, an aneurysm may occur. Previous Heart damage coupled with the aneurysm causes the Heart to have to pump more rigorously.
Angiotensin
When renin is produced by the kidneys, contraction of the arteries occurs.
Angiotensin II
Powerful action that stimulates the contraction of the arteries (vasopressor) and stimulator of a hormone (aldosterone) that regulates the salt and water production and secretion.
Aorta
The largest artery in the body. It is the main channel for delivering oxygenated blood throughout the entire body
Aortic Valve
One of the four valves in the heart. It is located at exit of the left ventricle of the heart where the aorta (the largest artery) begins. The aortic valve allows blood from the left ventricle to be pumped into the aorta but prevents blood once it is in the aorta from returning to the heart.
Arrhythmia
An irregular Heartbeat. Tachycardia arrhythmia occurs when the Heart Rate is more than 100 Beats per Minute (BPM). Bradycardia occurs when the Heart Rate is less than 60 BPM. Patients complain of a fluttering sensation in their chest.
Beta Blockers-(Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents)
Used to prevent chest pain (angina), alleviate high blood pressure (hypertension) and in some cases, to prevent further heart attacks.
BNP-(Brain Natriuretic Peptide)
A blood test to help doctors evaluate cardiac function. This amino acid/peptide is secreted by the ventricles and is elevated in patients with aneurysms or lesions in the Left Ventricle (LV). The more severe the damage to the LV, the higher the levels of BNP. Normal BNP levels range from 0-99 picograms per liter. Abnormal levels of BNP range from 100-900 picograms per liter, depending on the severity of Heart Failure (HF).
Cardiac Arrest
When blood circulation stops suddenly, causing the blood supply to quit flowing through the Heart and circulatory system. Cardiac Arrest can result in instant death. In the US, about 1000 people die daily as a result of Cardiac Arrest.
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